ABSTRACT
Neuroblastoma(NB)is the most common extracranial solid tumor derived from the sympathetic ner- vous system in childhood. The location of NB is variable, the pathogenesis is complex and the clinical manifestations vary greatly. The prognosis is good in low or medium risk NB patients but bad in high risk NB patients. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence, growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of NB as well as the prognosis of NB pa- tients are associated with the abnormal expression of signaling proteins in NB, including the transcriptional regulators, kinases, and receptors, etc.. This article reviews the role and action mechanism of different signaling proteins in the oc- currence and development of NB.
ABSTRACT
Stress exerts profound effects on cognitive and emotional functions. As a regulator of response to stress, the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) during stress impacts organism function through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Recent research has shown that dendritic branches were abnormal and dendritic spine was lost under stress. In contrast, stressed mice with CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) deficiency or CRFR1 antagonist exhibited normal dendritic morphology of hippocampal neurons. The structure and related factors expression of hippocampal neurons were affected by CRFR1 as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), but the molecular mechanism about CRF-induced direct injury effect on hippocampal neurons has been poorly understood. The paper reviews the research progress on the contribution of stress activated CRF-CRF receptor signaling to the structure and related factors of hippocampal neurons.